Multiple Sclerosis

Your MS disability level (measured by a standard scale called EDSS) must be between 3.0 and 8.0 at the start of the trial How long you have had MS symptoms matters and depends on your disability level: less than 10 years if your EDSS score is 5.0 or below; less than 15 years if your score is between 5.5 and 6.5; or…

You weigh at least 25 kilograms (about 55 pounds) You have been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) according to specific recognized medical guidelines for children and young people with MS Your level of disability, as measured by a standard MS scale, falls within a certain range at the time…

You are a man or woman between the ages of 18 and 55 who has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis Your multiple sclerosis follows a relapsing-remitting pattern, meaning you have flare-ups followed by periods of recovery Your level of disability, as measured by a standard MS scoring scale, falls within a certain…

You had your first episode of possible MS symptoms within the last 60 days, lasting at least 24 hours, involving neurological changes (not just tingling sensations, bladder/bowel issues, or thinking problems) A brain MRI scan shows at least two inactive (symptom-free) lesions that are 3mm or larger, with at least one…

You have had your first clear neurological episode (such as optic neuritis diagnosed by an eye doctor, problems with your spinal cord, or issues with balance/coordination) that doctors believe may be caused by damage to the protective coating of nerve fibers Your symptoms started within the last 90 days before joining…

You took part in a previous related study called CAMMS323 or CAMMS324, received the drug alemtuzumab, completed the full 2-year study, and did not go on to take other MS treatments afterward (except glatiramer acetate or interferon beta) You took part in CAMMS323 or CAMMS324, received the drug Rebif®, completed the…

You have been diagnosed with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), confirmed using specific medical guidelines called the revised McDonald criteria Your level of physical disability, measured on a standard MS scale (EDSS), scores between 3 and 6.5 at the time of screening If your disability score is above…

You have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), confirmed using the 2010 McDonald criteria You have had at least 2 MS attacks (relapses) in the last 2 years before screening, OR at least 1 attack before that period — but not within the last 30 days before screening Your MS symptoms have been stable for at least…

You have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) according to a specific set of recognised diagnostic guidelines (the 2017 McDonald criteria) You have a relapsing form of MS, which includes relapsing MS or a type called secondary progressive MS that still has active flare-ups Your level of physical disability…

You are between 18 and 60 years old (inclusive) You have been diagnosed with non-relapsing secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (a type of MS that gets gradually worse without sudden flare-ups) according to specific 2017 diagnostic guidelines Your disability level, as measured by a standard MS scale (EDSS), scores…

People who have a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), specifically the Secondary Progressive (SPMS) or Primary Progressive (PPMS) type. People whose MS has been steadily getting worse over the past 2 years — as assessed by their treating doctor — rather than worsening due to relapses (flare-ups). People…

Adult males aged 18 to 55 years who are non-smokers or only occasional smokers (fewer than 10 cigarettes or equivalent per week), and who are willing to not smoke while staying at the clinic People with a body weight of at least 55 kg and a BMI between 18.0 and 32.0 People who are in good general health, with no…

You have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) You were either exposed to a medication called Diroximel Fumarate (DRF) at some point from around the time of conception through any point during your pregnancy, OR you did not take any MS disease-modifying medication during your pregnancy (confirm with trial site…

You have been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), meaning your MS comes in episodes or "attacks" followed by periods of recovery, confirmed using 2017 diagnostic guidelines. You have had at least 1 MS attack/relapse in the past year, OR at least 2 MS attacks/relapses in the past 2 years, OR a…

You must be willing and able to sign a consent form and communicate well with the research team throughout the study Your kidneys, liver, heart, blood, and lungs must be functioning well enough to participate You must be between 18 and 60 years old and have been diagnosed with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) based…

You are between 18 and 60 years old (inclusive) at the time of screening You are willing and able to sign a consent form before the study begins You are able to communicate clearly with the study team and follow all study instructions and procedures You are able to have a lumbar puncture (a procedure to collect fluid…

People who are in overall stable health, as assessed by a doctor through medical history, physical examination, blood tests, and any previous heart monitoring results. People who have tested positive for the Epstein-Barr virus (a common virus, also known as EBV) in a screening blood test. People who have been…

You have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). You have had muscle stiffness or spasms (called spasticity) caused by MS for at least 6 months before your first study visit. At your first study visit, you have a certain level of muscle stiffness (measured by a standard scale called the Modified Ashworth Scale)…

You are between 40 and 70 years old (inclusive) You have been diagnosed with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) based on the 2017 McDonald diagnostic guidelines You are currently being treated with ocrelizumab (a common MS medication) at the standard dose as part of your regular care Your MS symptoms have been stable…

You are between 18 and 65 years old You are generally in good health with no major medical conditions You are willing and able to attend all study appointments and follow all study requirements, including a procedure to collect fluid from around your spine (confirm with trial site) You are able to read and sign a…

You are between 18 and 60 years old at the time of signing the consent form You are able and willing to give written consent to take part in the study Your overall physical health and body functions are at an acceptable level at the time of initial assessment (For the relapsing MS group) You have been diagnosed with…

People who are willing and able to sign a consent form before any assessments take place. People aged 18 to 65 years old (inclusive) at the time of screening. People who have been diagnosed with Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS) according to a specific set of medical criteria (the 2017 revised McDonald…

You have been diagnosed with Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (MS), confirmed using a specific set of medical guidelines called the 2017 McDonald criteria Your level of physical disability, as measured by a standard MS scoring scale, falls within a moderate range (between 3.0 and 6.0 on this scale — confirm with trial…

You have multiple sclerosis (MS) and previously completed one of three specific earlier studies (NCT00027300, NCT00030966, or NCT00097760), including a required safety check-up such as a neurological exam or brain scan, OR you took part in a study called STARS (IMA 04001) Your doctor believes you do not have any signs…

You have a type of multiple sclerosis called relapsing remitting MS. You have been taking a medication called natalizumab for at least 6 months before the screening visit, and stopping this medication is being considered.

You must have a confirmed diagnosis of relapsing MS, with a disability score between 0.0 and 5.5 on a standard MS scale. If you are currently taking one of these MS medications (Betaseron, Rebif, Avonex, Copaxone, Extavia, Tecfidera, or Aubagio), you must have been on it for at least 6 months, have at least 9 lesions…

You must be willing to sign a consent form before any study procedures begin. Women who could become pregnant must have a negative pregnancy test and use reliable birth control during the study. You must have been diagnosed with a relapsing form of multiple sclerosis (MS) — either relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) or…

You have been officially diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) using a specific standard diagnostic method called the McDonald 2010 criteria Your MS was first diagnosed or first showed clear symptoms no more than 3 years ago In the past 12 months, you have had at least one MS relapse (flare-up)…

People who are 18 years of age or older. People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, or another autoimmune or inflammatory neurological disease.

You have been diagnosed with one of the following conditions: a brain tumor, epilepsy, migraine, mild cognitive impairment (including concussion), mild traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, neuropathy, Parkinson's disease, restless legs syndrome, or stroke. You are able to receive one of the three treatments…

People who have been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS or progressive MS, and who either do not plan to start any MS medication during the study, or are already on a stable MS medication (interferon, glatiramer, dimethyl fumarate, or teriflunomide). People aged 18 years or older, with no upper age limit. People…

Has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) at the time of joining the trial. Is 18 years of age or older at the time of joining the trial. Is willing to share personal information as part of the trial. Has been prescribed, or is starting, an approved medication for MS at the time of joining the trial.

People who have been clinically diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). People between the ages of 18 and 60.

People must provide written agreement to take part before any assessments are done. Adults between 18 and 40 years of age (inclusive) at the time of screening. People who are able to understand English and can read and understand the consent form on their own or with help from research staff. People who have not used…

People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis. People whose distance vision, when corrected with glasses or soft contact lenses, meets a minimum level of 0.7 on the decimal scale. People whose close-up vision, when corrected with glasses or soft contact lenses, meets a minimum level of 20/30 on the Snellen…

People who meet the requirements for either the patient group or the control group in this study. People with multiple sclerosis (MS) who are already taking part in a related study at Mayo Clinic (called the "Understanding Sex Differences in Multiple Sclerosis Spectrum of Demyelinating Disorders" study) or who are…

People who are willing and able to sign and date a consent form agreeing to take part in the study. People who are willing and able to follow all study procedures and are available for the full duration of the study. People who are 18 years of age or older. People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.…

People who took part in the FutureMS cohort study previously. People who are able to understand and agree to take part in the study on their own behalf.

People aged between 18 and 70 years old. People who have been diagnosed with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) by their neurologist, confirmed using a specific set of diagnostic guidelines called the 2017 revised McDonald criteria. People who are either about to start a medication called ofatumumab within 60 days of…

People aged between 18 and 65 years. People who have been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), with their diagnosis being between 3 months and 10 years ago. People whose level of disability, as measured by a standard MS scale called the EDSS, falls between 1 and 6 (a score of 6 includes people…

People aged 18 or older. People who have been diagnosed with primary progressive MS (PPMS) or secondary progressive MS (SPMS) based on recognised diagnostic guidelines (the 2017 or 2010 Revised McDonald Criteria). People who, in the opinion of the trial investigator, are able to complete the study procedures. People…

People who are willing and able to sign a consent form agreeing to take part in the study. People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) according to a specific set of diagnostic guidelines called the McDonald 2017 criteria. People who have a series of brain MRI scans taken over time, covering at least…

A person must be able to give written consent and be willing to follow the study requirements. A person's treating neurologist must have independently decided that ocrelizumab is the most appropriate standard treatment for them. A person must have a diagnosis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) with a…

You must be 21 years of age or older You must be able to speak English You must be a registered attendee of the advanced 7-day meditation retreat You must be willing to wear a Garmin wearable device for the entire duration of the retreat You must agree to and sign the research consent form to take part in the study…

People aged 18 to 70 who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, with at least 30 days having passed since their last relapse. People whose completion time on a specific hand and finger coordination test (the grooved peg test) is 91 seconds or longer, which is notably slower than the typical score for people with…

People who are generally healthy with normal physical function and are able to lie flat on their back without difficulty (for example, no trouble breathing, no significant pain, nausea, or dizziness in that position). People who do not experience claustrophobia (fear of enclosed spaces). People who do not have any…

People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis according to the revised 2017 McDonald criteria. People who are older than 18 years of age. People who are able to walk, with or without a walking aid. People whose MS medications have not changed in the last 2 months. People who are willing to take part in the…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis according to a specific standard set of diagnostic guidelines called the McDonald criteria (2017 revised version). People who are between 18 and 75 years of age. People who have not had a relapse (a flare-up of MS symptoms) in the last 2 months. People who have…

People who are between 18 and 55 years old People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) based on a specific set of diagnostic standards known as the 2017 McDonald criteria People whose MS disability level has been measured at 4 or below on a standard scale used by doctors to rate MS-related disability…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) or stroke.

Living in the city centre of Trabzon Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) at least six months ago Has not had an MS relapse (flare-up) in the past three months Currently receiving MS treatment as an outpatient (not staying in hospital) Able to read and write Has no previous experience with mandala (a type of…

Women who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis by a neurologist People aged between 18 and 55 years People who currently have an active menstrual cycle People whose menstrual cycle is regular, meaning it occurs every 24 to 35 days People who do not have any physical or thinking/memory difficulties that would…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis using a specific set of diagnostic guidelines known as the McDonald 2017 criteria. People whose doctors have determined that immune-modifying treatment is appropriate for their condition.

People who are able to read, understand, and sign a consent form on their own, without assistance. People who are able to follow the study's procedures, including having a mobile phone or device that can run an app called "icompanion." People who have a confirmed diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), or a diagnosis of…

Women between the ages of 18 and 65 years People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis by a specialist neurologist and also have bladder symptoms, specifically a score of 9 or higher on the Overactive Bladder-V8 scale and at least two of the following: leaking urine, needing to urinate during the night…

People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis by a neurologist. People who are over 18 years old. People who have read, agreed to, and signed a consent form for the trial.

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) or a first episode that may suggest MS (called clinically isolated syndrome, or CIS), based on a specific set of diagnostic guidelines updated in 2017. People who are between 18 and 70 years old.

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) using a specific set of recognised diagnostic guidelines, and who are being followed at the Neurology Outpatient Clinic of Sanko University Hospital. People who are between 18 and 50 years of age. People who have not had an MS attack or relapse in the past 6…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis based on a specific set of recognised diagnostic standards known as the McDonald criteria. People who are between approximately 18 and 65 years old. People who have not had a flare-up (a sudden worsening of symptoms) in the month before joining the study. People…

People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). People who are 18 years of age or older. People whose MS has a low to moderate level of disability, meaning they are able to walk without using any assistive devices. People who are willing to give their informed consent to participate. People who are able…

People who have a confirmed diagnosis of a neurological condition, such as traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy, brain injury caused by lack of oxygen, stroke, or another disorder affecting the brain or nervous system. People who have already received, or are planned to receive, a nose-delivered therapy using a…

People who are 18 years of age or older. People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis according to the 2017 Revised McDonald criteria. People who have difficulty swallowing (as measured by a specific swallowing questionnaire score above 1). People whose EDSS score (a standard MS disability rating) is…

People who have given their written agreement to participate in the study. People who have a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. People who experience fatigue related to multiple sclerosis, measured at a level of 4 or above on a fatigue rating scale. People who have enough physical ability to complete a…

Their condition has been stable for at least one month. They are able to walk at least 10 metres on their own, with or without a walking aid such as a cane or frame.

People who have been diagnosed with definite or probable multiple sclerosis. People who have been diagnosed with CIS (clinically isolated syndrome) or RIS (radiologically isolated syndrome), which are early or incidental signs that may be related to multiple sclerosis. People who have been diagnosed with NMOSD…

Men aged 18 or older who have a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Men with low testosterone levels (below 300 ng/dl), confirmed by two blood tests taken before 9:00 am. Men who are not currently experiencing an MS relapse at the time of joining. Men who are sexually active. Men who have personal concerns…

The person is female. The person has been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The person has not had a relapse in the past 30 days. The person has been initially confirmed as having sexual dysfunction, based on a structured interview using standard diagnostic criteria (confirm with trial site). The…

People aged 18 to 65 years old, of any gender. People who have been diagnosed with a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease (MOGAD), based on recognised diagnostic…

People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis. People who have indicated they are planning to enrol in an interventional clinical trial for Multiple Sclerosis. People who are at least 18 years old.

Adults who have been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, related dementias, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, or multiple sclerosis, as recorded in their electronic health record. Adults who are being diagnosed and treated for one of the conditions listed above and are invited to take part. People who…

Adults between 18 and 50 years old, of any sex, who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) according to a specific set of recognised diagnostic guidelines (the 2017 revised McDonald's Criteria), including any form of MS such as relapsing-remitting, primary progressive, or secondary progressive, and who are…

Adult women aged 18 to 55 who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis using the 2017 McDonald Criteria, are currently on a disease-modifying therapy (a type of MS treatment), and may or may not have concerns related to the trigeminal nerve (a nerve in the face), or who have recently been diagnosed with MS.

People who are willing and able to give written consent before any assessments are carried out. People who have been diagnosed with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis and have had the disease for less than 15 years. People aged 18 to 55 years (inclusive), male or female. Women must meet one of the following…

A person who has given written consent to participate in the trial. Men and women aged between 18 and 65 years (inclusive). People who have been diagnosed with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis, based on current diagnostic standards. People whose level of disability, as measured by a standard MS scale called the…

People aged between 18 and 60 years old. People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) involving relapses or worsening, along with lasting disability, as confirmed by a specialist neurologist. People with an EDSS score (a standard measure of MS-related disability) between 3 and 6, including those scoring…

People who have signed a consent form at the pre-inclusion visit People aged between 18 and 55 years old at the time of the pre-inclusion visit People diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (a form of MS with flare-ups and periods of recovery) according to 2017 McDonald criteria at the pre-inclusion…

Adults aged 18 years or older People with a confirmed Multiple Sclerosis (MS) diagnosis based on the 2017 McDonald's revised criteria People with a disability score (EDSS) between 0 and 6.5 (confirm with trial site) People with a fatigue score of 43 or higher on a scale called the MFIS People who are able to walk…

People aged between 18 and 50 years old People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) by a neurologist using a specific set of diagnostic guidelines called the McDonald 2017 criteria People whose level of disability from MS falls within a specific range (between 2.5 and 4.5) on a standard MS disability…

Adults aged over 18 and up to 60 years old. People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) or a related condition, including Clinically Isolated Syndrome, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, or Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Neuropathy. People who can understand spoken and written English. People…

Adults between 18 and 65 years of age. People with a disability score below 7 on the EDSS scale, which is a standard measure of how much multiple sclerosis affects a person's movement and daily functioning (confirm with trial site).

Adults between 18 and 75 years old (or between 18 and 55 years old for people with multiple sclerosis); both men and women are eligible. People who have one of the following neurological autoimmune conditions that has not responded to standard treatment, or for which no effective treatment exists: neuromyelitis optica…

People who have been diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, arthritis, or osteoporosis. People with Parkinson's disease who are able to report a history of daily walking difficulties such as freezing (sudden stopping) or festination (short, shuffling steps), or people with other…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis People who have been identified as having pelvic floor dysfunction (problems with the muscles and tissues that support the bladder, bowel, or uterus) People who have agreed to take part in the trial People who are not currently receiving another physical therapy…

Adults between 18 and 65 years old who are willing to volunteer for the study People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis People whose level of disability from Multiple Sclerosis falls within a certain measured range (a score between 0 and 7 on a standard disability scale used for MS) People who have been…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) by a neurologist. People who are able to walk and have a disability score (called EDSS) of 4.5 or below, meaning their MS has a relatively limited effect on their movement (confirm with trial site). People between the ages of 18 and 50. People who do not…

People who score 3.5 or lower on a standard disability scale used for multiple sclerosis (called the EDSS), meaning they are largely independent in daily activities. People who are currently taking their regular prescribed medical treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. People who are 18 years of age or…

People who have signed a specific type of informed consent form required for this study. People who are able to follow the study procedures, as assessed by the study investigator. People who are 18 years of age or older. People who have a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (any type: relapsing-remitting…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis based on the 2017 McDonald diagnostic criteria. People who are at least 18 years old. People whose vision, with the best available correction (such as glasses or contact lenses), measures above 0.6 on a standard eye chart test. People who are willing and able to…

People who are willing to take part voluntarily People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis that began in childhood or adolescence (known as pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis) People who are between 15 and 22 years old People whose level of physical disability, as measured by a standard scale called the…

People aged 55 or older (male or female) People who have been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) according to specific diagnostic guidelines (McDonald 2017 criteria) People whose first MS symptom appeared more than 5 years ago, or if that date is unknown, people who received their RRMS…

People who have been diagnosed with Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS), a type of MS where symptoms come and go in episodes. People whose MS disability level falls within a specific range on a standard MS scale (EDSS score between 1 and 5), meaning some level of symptoms but still able to walk (confirm with…

People between 21 and 85 years old who currently live in the United States. People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) for at least 1 year. People who have access to a phone, computer, and the internet, and are able to use them. People who score 10 or higher on a questionnaire that measures memory and…

People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) confirmed using standard diagnostic guidelines known as the McDonald criteria. People who are between 18 and 64 years old. People who have the relapsing-remitting form of MS (a type where symptoms come and go in episodes). People whose MS-related disability…

Clinicians and professionals with at least 5 years of experience in their specialist field are being sought, from areas including neuro rehabilitation, trauma rehabilitation, community rehabilitation, outpatient rehabilitation services, defence medical services, psychology services, amputee rehabilitation, speech and…

A neurologist has confirmed a diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) using a standard set of diagnostic guidelines called the McDonald criteria. The person has the relapsing-remitting type of MS (known as RRMS), where symptoms come and go in episodes. The person has been living with an MS diagnosis for at least one…

People of any sex who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) according to the 2017 McDonald's criteria and are currently in recovery on disease-modifying therapy (a type of MS medication). People with MS who are experiencing gut or liver symptoms — such as difficulty swallowing, vomiting, or reflux — that…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) and are experiencing bladder problems, and have been referred by a neurologist with a bladder function test (urodynamic study) completed. People between the ages of 20 and 50 years old. People with a body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 24.9 (considered a…

People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis using a standard set of medical guidelines known as the McDonald's criteria. People whose level of physical disability from MS is below a certain threshold, measured by a scoring system called the EDSS, with a score of less than 6 points (confirm with trial site…

People who have been diagnosed with relapsing multiple sclerosis (either relapsing-remitting MS or active secondary progressive MS), confirmed using standard diagnostic guidelines. People who are 18 years of age or older at the time of joining the trial. People who have recently started taking teriflunomide as part of…

People between 11 and 25 years of age. People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) or a first episode that may be an early sign of MS, confirmed using specific medical diagnostic guidelines. People who score 10 or above on a standard mood/depression symptom checklist called the CES-DC scale.

People aged 18 to 65 years who have been diagnosed with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). People whose PPMS diagnosis meets specific diagnostic criteria set out in the 2017 McDonald criteria and a 2013 clinical course revision. People whose spinal fluid (the fluid around the brain and spine) shows certain…

Adults aged 18 or older. People who are willing to agree to participate and follow the treatments and procedures involved in the study. People who have been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (a form of MS with periods of new or worsening symptoms followed by recovery) using a specific set of…

People aged 18 to 65 years old. People who have been diagnosed with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). People whose disability has been documented as worsening over the 2 years before joining the study — either by a certain amount on a standard disability scale (EDSS), or by at least a 20% slowdown on a…

People who are 18 years of age or older. People who are able to give their informed consent to participate. People who are able to communicate in English. People who are currently in paid employment, including those who are self-employed.

People with multiple sclerosis (MS) who have a disability score (EDSS) between 2 and 6.5, meaning they have at least some MS-related disability but are still able to walk with or without some assistance (confirm with trial site for exact score meaning) People with MS who are aged 18 or older Healthy volunteers who are…

People who are 18 years of age or older People who have been formally diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) based on a specific set of diagnostic standards called the McDonald 2017 criteria People who own a smartphone that runs on the Android operating system People whose level of physical disability, as assessed by…

People who are being treated by Dr. Manchon for either Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis or active Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. People who are 18 years of age or older. People who have given their agreement (informed consent) to take part in the local care-sharing program linked to this trial.

People who are aged 18 to 65 years old at the time of their screening visit People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) according to recognised diagnostic guidelines (the 2017 McDonald Criteria or more recent versions) People whose MS has been classified as a progressive form, based on recognised MS…

Adults between 18 and 55 years old at the time of signing the consent form, of any gender. People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) according to recognised 2017 and 2023 diagnostic guidelines. People who have not had a relapse (a flare-up of symptoms) for at least 30 days before the screening and…

Adults aged 18 years or older. People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) for at least 6 months, based on a specific set of diagnostic guidelines called the 2017 McDonald criteria. People who are currently receiving treatment to slow or manage their MS and are being seen at the neurology day hospital…

People who have signed an informed consent form agreeing to take part in the trial. People who are 18 years of age or older. People who have been diagnosed with relapsing multiple sclerosis (a form of MS where symptoms come and go) or secondary progressive MS (a form where symptoms gradually worsen), with the…

Adults aged 18 or older. People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), confirmed using a specific set of diagnostic guidelines called the McDonald criteria. People whose MS has been stable, meaning their level of disability has not noticeably worsened over the past 4 months. People who are right-handed.…

Adults aged 18 years or older. People who have weakness in the muscles that move the foot up or down, and who show at least one of the following: a stepping/high-stepping walking pattern, foot drop, muscle stiffness or spasticity, difficulty shifting weight onto the affected foot, instability while standing on the…

People who are 18 years of age or older. People who have been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (a type of MS with periods of symptoms followed by recovery) based on a specific set of diagnostic guidelines from 2017. People whose level of physical disability, as measured by a standard MS scoring…

People who have been diagnosed with a relapsing form of multiple sclerosis (MS) — including clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), or active secondary progressive MS (SPMS) — confirmed using standard diagnostic guidelines known as the 2017 McDonald criteria. People who have had at least one…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. People who have been given a CD20-targeting medication (such as rituximab, ocrelizumab, or ofatumumab) within 6 to 12 months before or during pregnancy. People who have been given another type of immune-modifying medication within 6 to 12 months before or during…

Adults between 18 and 55 years of age may be considered. People with a confirmed MS diagnosis made by a neurologist may be considered (for the MS groups). MS patients who have not had a relapse in the past 3 months may be considered. MS patients with a disability level scored at 4 or below on a standard…

People aged between 18 and 70 years. People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), based on a specific set of diagnostic guidelines called the revised McDonald criteria. People whose hand and arm function is affected, shown by taking notably longer than average on a standard hand coordination test…

People who have been diagnosed with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) using internationally recognised 2015 diagnostic standards, have tested positive for a specific antibody called AQP4-IgG, and are experiencing their first episode of the condition. People aged 18 to 65 years old, either male or female.…

People who have been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (a form of MS with flare-ups and periods of recovery) or another type of MS, confirmed by standard neurological assessment. People who are able to undergo a type of eye scan called OCTA imaging and a vision test called visual field testing.…

Adults aged 18 to 75, both men and women. People with a confirmed diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), including relapsing or progressive forms. People whose level of physical disability falls within a specific measured range (a score between 0 and 7.5 on a standard MS disability scale — confirm with trial site if…

People diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), secondary-progressive MS (SPMS), or primary-progressive MS (PPMS), based on the revised McDonald's diagnostic criteria (2017 version). People aged between 18 and 75 years. People who have provided written consent to participate before the study begins. People who…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis People who are between 18 and 65 years old People who have had a neuropsychological assessment carried out at the Neurology department at Gävle Hospital within the last 5 years (counted from the start of the study)

People who have given written consent to participate in the study. People who speak English. Men and women aged 18 to 60 years old (inclusive). People who have a confirmed diagnosis of relapsing or progressive multiple sclerosis (any form), as defined by the 2024 McDonald Diagnostic Criteria, confirmed at the time of…

People who have been referred for hyperbaric oxygen therapy (a treatment involving breathing pure oxygen in a pressurised chamber) for a condition that is a newer or emerging use of this therapy.

Men or women between the ages of 20 and 50 People with no history of neurological or psychiatric conditions, either in the past or currently People with no history of traumatic brain injury People with no history of high blood pressure or stroke, either in the past or currently People with no history of long-term drug…

People who have been formally diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). People who are 75 years old or younger. People whose main MS symptoms affect movement and physical function. People whose level of MS-related disability falls within a specific range on a standard MS disability scale (called the EDSS, scored 2 to 8)…

People between the ages of 12 and 22 years old. People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis that started in childhood or adolescence, confirmed using a specific set of diagnostic guidelines called the 2017 revised McDonald criteria. People whose level of physical disability, as measured by a standard scale…

Adults between 18 and 65 years old, of any gender. People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) based on a specific set of diagnostic guidelines called the 2017 revised McDonald criteria. People who have been on a stable MS treatment (known as disease-modifying therapy) before joining the trial. People…

People between the ages of 50 and 85 who have been diagnosed with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (a specific form of MS) using the 2024 McDonald Criteria. People who have not been treated with a disease-modifying therapy for MS in the last 6 months, or who have previously used one of three specific MS…

A person must sign a consent form agreeing to take part in the trial. Participants must be 18 years of age or older. Participants must be willing and able to follow the study's requirements for its full duration, including attending visits, completing examinations, and providing data and samples. Participants must…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS).

People of any sex, aged between 18 and 50 years old. People who are in a stable phase of their condition and have not had a relapse in at least three months before their blood sample is taken. People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), whether they are currently on medication for it or have never…

People aged between 18 and 65 years (inclusive) on the day they sign the consent form. People who have been diagnosed with MS (using the 2017 McDonald criteria) and who score above 33 on the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, or above 4 out of 7 on the Fatigue Severity Scale. People with sufficient hearing and vision to…

People who have been formally diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) — either the relapsing-remitting or progressive type — according to established diagnostic guidelines called the McDonald criteria. People whose level of physical disability falls within a specific mid-range on a standard MS disability scale, meaning…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis People whose multiple sclerosis disability level has been scored below 7 on the EDSS scale (a standard measure of MS-related disability — confirm with trial site) People who are under 75 years of age People whose condition is currently stable People who have…

People who are able to understand the study's purpose and risks, agree to take part, and allow their health information to be used in line with privacy laws. Men and women between 18 and 80 years of age (inclusive) at the time of agreeing to join. People who have been diagnosed with one of the following conditions…

People who are between 18 and 70 years old at the time of signing the consent form. People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD), Autoimmune Encephalitis (AiE), or Stiff Person Spectrum Disorder (SPSD) for at least 6 months, based on recognised diagnostic…

A neurologist has confirmed a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The person has not had an MS relapse in the past 6 months and is not currently in a relapse phase. The person is between 18 and 60 years of age. MS symptoms are in a mild to moderate range, based on a standard disability scale used by neurologists…

A neurologist has confirmed a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Disability level falls within a specific range on a standard MS scale (EDSS score between 0 and 4), indicating mild to moderate disability (confirm with trial site). Age is between 18 and 65 years. Willing to take part in the study voluntarily.

People who are 18 years of age or older. People who have been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (a form of MS with flare-ups and periods of recovery) based on recognised 2024 diagnostic guidelines. People who have been taking a moderately effective MS treatment without interruption for at least 6…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. People who are 18 years of age or older. People who can speak, understand, read, and comprehend Turkish. People who have not had a relapse (a flare-up of symptoms) in the past three months. People whose condition has been clinically stable for at least the past…

People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). People whose ability to walk has been affected by their MS, based on their own experience. People who have had at least one fall in the last 3 months that they believe was related to their MS.

Adults aged 18 years or older. People with a neurological autoimmune disease that has come back or has not responded to treatment, including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), myasthenia gravis (MG), multiple sclerosis (MS), autoimmune encephalitis (AE), or chronic inflammatory demyelinating…

People who are 18 years of age or older

People who are willing to take part in the study voluntarily. People who are 18 years of age or older. People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) based on a specific set of medical guidelines called the 2017 McDonald criteria (this applies to the MS group), OR people who have not been diagnosed with…

People between the ages of 20 and 50 who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) according to a specific set of diagnostic guidelines called the McDonald criteria.

Adults aged 18 or older. People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis, have a level of physical disability within a specific range (EDSS score between 2.0 and 6.5), and have some involvement or difficulty with their arms or hands. People who are able to sit independently and can stand up, with or without the…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) by a neurologist, using a specific set of recognised diagnostic guidelines, and whose disability level falls within a certain range (confirm with trial site) People who are over 18 years of age People who have the relapsing-remitting or secondary progressive…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), confirmed by self-report. People who are able to walk for 2 minutes without stopping, with or without a walking aid, and who are between 18 and 65 years old. People who have had a blood test within the last 6 months to 1 year showing that their liver and…

People aged 18 years or older People who are able to read and speak in English or Spanish People who are willing and able to give their informed consent to take part People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) People who are about to start, or are currently receiving, one of these medications…

People who have been clinically diagnosed with multiple sclerosis according to a standard set of diagnostic guidelines known as the 2017 McDonald Criteria. People who are between 18 and 60 years of age. People who have had no MS flare-ups or new brain/spinal cord changes on imaging in the 3 months before enrolling in…

People diagnosed with relapsing-remitting or progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), as defined by a specific set of established medical guidelines (the 2010 revised McDonald criteria). People who have reported memory or thinking difficulties and have shown at least one area of cognitive difficulty on an initial…

People who have been diagnosed with relapsing remitting or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (RRMS or SPMS) People who are on MS medication (disease modifying therapy) and have been on a stable dose for at least 6 months People who are not on MS medication and have not taken any in the past 6 months People…

The person has been diagnosed with pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS in children or adolescents), as defined by an established medical consensus. The person's disability level, measured by a standard MS scale called the EDSS, falls between 0 and 5.0. The person has experienced at least one of the following: one or more…

Children and adolescents aged 10 years up to (but not including) 18 years old at the time of their baseline visit Body weight of at least 25 kg A diagnosis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (a form of MS with periods of new symptoms followed by recovery) confirmed using recognised medical diagnostic guidelines…

People who have been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (a form of MS where symptoms come and go) based on recognised diagnostic guidelines from 2017. People whose MS has been active in the past year, shown by a relapse, two or more new spots on an MRI brain scan, or areas of active inflammation…

People who have been clinically diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (a form of MS with defined flare-ups and periods of recovery) based on established 2017 diagnostic guidelines. People with mild-to-moderate MS-related disability, as measured by a standard neurological scoring scale (confirm with…

People who have been clinically diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (a form of MS with periods of symptoms followed by recovery) using a standard set of diagnostic guidelines known as the 2017 revised McDonald criteria. People with mild to moderate levels of disability, as measured by a standard MS…

Adults aged 18 to 65 years (inclusive), of any gender. People diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) who currently have no effective treatment options — specifically those diagnosed with progressive MS (primary or secondary progressive) or relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) according to the 2024 McDonald diagnostic…

The trial is looking to enrol 62 people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (a type of MS where symptoms come and go), from any gender. Participants must be aged between 20 and 40 years old and have a confirmed MS diagnosis based on recognised diagnostic standards called the McDonald criteria. Participants…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). People whose MS is the progressive type. People who are willing to take part voluntarily. People who are between 18 and 60 years old. People who are able to cooperate with the study requirements. People whose level of disability, as measured by a standard MS…

Adults between 18 and 70 years of age. People diagnosed with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis according to the McDonald 2024 diagnostic criteria. People currently receiving a disease-modifying therapy (a medication that helps slow or manage MS). People whose most recent MS disability score (EDSS) falls between 0…

People who are able to understand what the study involves, are willing to take part voluntarily, and can sign a written consent form. People aged 18 to 65 years old. People who have been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), secondary progressive MS, or primary progressive MS, based on the 2017…

People who are 18 years of age or older People who have been diagnosed with MS (multiple sclerosis), based on their own report People whose MS has caused a significant level of physical disability, measured by a standard MS disability scale score of 7.0 or higher (confirm with trial site) People whose MS treatment…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) People who are 18 years of age or older People who speak fluent English

People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis based on a specific set of recognised medical guidelines (called the revised McDonald criteria). People who are over 18 years of age. People whose MS-related disability falls within a particular range on a standard disability measuring scale (called the EDSS…

People who have been diagnosed with a condition called internuclear ophthalmoplegia (a type of eye movement problem caused by a brain or nervous system issue), either as their main diagnosis or alongside another diagnosis. People who are currently admitted to a hospital neurology department (a ward that specialises in…

Adults between 18 and 65 years of age (inclusive). People of any gender, including male, female, and non-binary. People who have been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting or primary-progressive multiple sclerosis, confirmed by a study neurologist and medical records, according to standard diagnostic criteria. People…

People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) by a neurologist at Hacettepe University Hospitals, Neurology Outpatient Clinic. People aged 18 years or older. People whose MS-related disability level falls within a specific range on a standard scale used by neurologists (called the EDSS), scoring between…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) using a standard set of medical guidelines called the McDonald criteria. People whose MS allows them to walk, with or without some assistance (based on a disability score of 6.5 or below on a standard MS scale). People who have been on a stable MS treatment…

People who have a confirmed diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis, in any form. People who have documented bladder symptoms, specifically a score of 3 or higher on a standardised overactive bladder symptom questionnaire at the screening visit. People who are between 18 and 65 years of age. People who are willing and able to…

People who have been diagnosed with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) or primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), confirmed using a specific set of diagnostic standards called the revised McDonald criteria. People who have shown signs of recent disease activity, as defined by the trial's guidelines. People…

Adults aged 18 or older who have been treated with ocrelizumab for a relapsing form of Multiple Sclerosis, following the approved treatment schedule, for at least 18 months. People whose IgG levels (a type of immune protein in the blood) have been measured as lower than normal at least twice in a row, approximately…

Group 1: People who have been diagnosed with MS and have a higher level of physical disability (based on a standard MS disability scale score between 6.5 and 9), and who have not had a relapse in at least 90 days, and who are over 18 years old. Group 2: People who have been diagnosed with relapsing remitting MS, have…

People who have been officially diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). People whose MS-related walking and mobility difficulties fall within a specific moderate-to-severe range, as measured by a scale called the Patient-Determined Disease Steps (PDDS), with a score between 3 and 6. People who have not had an MS…

People who have been told by a doctor that they have multiple sclerosis (MS), confirmed through screening questions such as asking about current MS medications People who are 18 years of age or older People who can read, write, and speak in English People who score above 4 on a standard depression questionnaire (the…

People who have been diagnosed with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS). People aged between 19 and 45 years old. People whose level of disability, as measured by a standard MS scoring tool called the EDSS, falls between 0.5 and 3.5 (confirm with trial site for exact score requirements). People who are not…

People of any sex (male or female) may be considered. People aged 18 years or older may be considered. People with a confirmed diagnosis of one of three types of multiple sclerosis: relapsing-remitting (RRMS), primary progressive (PPMS), or secondary progressive (SPMS). People who are currently taking medication to…

People who have a neurological diagnosis (a condition affecting the brain, spinal cord, or nerves). People who are 18 years of age or older. People who have had a bladder condition caused by their neurological diagnosis for at least 6 months. People who do not have certain specific types of bladder symptoms (confirm…

Adults aged 18 or older. People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis according to the 2024 diagnostic criteria. People who are enrolled in a social security system, Universal Health Coverage (CMU), or an equivalent healthcare coverage scheme. People who have given written consent to participate.

People aged between 18 and 65 years old People who have been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis based on the revised McDonald criteria People whose MS disability level falls within a specific range on a standard scale called the EDSS, with a score between 2.5 and 3.5 (confirm with trial site) People…

People who have been officially diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis using a specific standard set of medical guidelines called the revised McDonald criteria. People whose level of physical disability, as measured by a standard medical scoring tool, falls within a moderate range (between 3.0 and 5.5 on the Expanded…

Adults aged over 18 and up to 50 years old. People diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (a form of MS with flare-ups followed by periods of recovery) based on the McDonald 2024 diagnostic guidelines. People for whom their doctor is considering a change in MS treatment, either because of side effects…

People who have a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, of any type (including relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, or primary progressive). People who are between 18 and 65 years of age. People whose main disability affects movement and who fall within a specific range on a standard MS disability scale…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) based on a specific set of medical guidelines called the 2024 McDonald criteria. People whose level of physical disability from MS falls within a certain range, as measured by a standard medical scale called the EDSS (a score of 2 up to, but not including…

People aged 18 to 70 years old at the time of signing the consent form. People who have been diagnosed with at least one of the following conditions for at least 6 months: Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD), Myasthenia Gravis (MG), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Systemic…

Adults between 18 and 65 years old People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), confirmed by a neurologist People who have not had an MS relapse (a flare-up of symptoms) in the past 30 days People who are able to walk on their own, with or without a walking aid such as a cane or walker People who are…

People who are 16 years of age or older at the time of giving consent to participate. People who have previously had a condition called optic neuritis (inflammation of the nerve connecting the eye to the brain), which was diagnosed at one of the hospitals or clinics taking part in this trial.

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (either relapsing or progressive type) according to a specific set of diagnostic guidelines called the 2017 McDonald Criteria. People who are between 22 and 75 years old. People whose level of physical disability falls within a specific range on a standard MS…

People aged between 18 and 45 years old. People who have been formally diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) according to the 2024 McDonald criteria, which is a standard set of diagnostic guidelines used by doctors. People who have not had an MS relapse (a flare-up of symptoms) in the past 3 months. People with an…

People aged between 18 and 80 years old. People who have been diagnosed with relapsing remitting, primary progressive, or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). People who have weakness in the hip flexor muscles on one or both sides of the body, measured at a certain level of severity using a standard muscle…

People aged 18 years or older People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) by a neurologist within the past 2 years (self-reported) People who have not had a relapse of their MS in the past 30 days People whose primary language is English, both spoken and written People who have access to the internet…

Adults aged 18 or older with a confirmed diagnosis of MS People who are aware of and understand their MS diagnosis People who are able to sign a written consent form agreeing to take part People who are willing and able to attend scheduled visits and complete all required study procedures, including scans and lab…

Adults aged 18 or older who have been diagnosed with a neurological condition affecting movement in the upper limbs (arm, hand, or shoulder), such as a stroke, traumatic brain injury, or multiple sclerosis People whose arm movement falls within a specific range — not too severely limited, but affected enough to need…

People who are able and willing to give their consent to take part, and who can communicate in English (information sheets may be available in Welsh on request, but the tests used require English). Part 1 – People with MS: People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and are aged 18 or older. Part 2 –…

Adults aged 18 or older People who have been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), confirmed using recognised diagnostic guidelines (the 2017 or 2024 McDonald criteria) People who have already completed 4 or more 6-monthly treatment cycles of ocrelizumab (given either by drip or injection under…

People who are 18 years of age or older People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), based on a specific set of medical guidelines called the 2024 McDonald Criteria People who are experiencing difficulties with thinking, memory, or other cognitive (mental processing) functions related to their MS…

People who have been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (a form of MS where symptoms come and go) based on recognised diagnostic guidelines from 2017 or 2024 People aged 18 years or older People for whom a healthcare professional has planned to start treatment with a specific medication called…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis by a local medical team People who have at least one recorded measurement of a disability scale called the EDSS (Extended Disability Severity Score), which is a standard tool doctors use to track MS progression People who are able to give their agreement to take…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), regardless of the type of MS they have or their ethnic background People who are 18 years of age or older People whose main place of residence is in Tyrol People who have an excellent level of German language ability People whose MS-related disability falls…

The person joining must be willing and able to give their agreement to take part, or a family member, friend, or carer is willing to provide advice on their behalf if they cannot do so themselves. Adults aged 18 or older are eligible to take part. People who have been diagnosed with a central nervous system condition…

Adults diagnosed with primary progressive, secondary progressive, or relapsing-remitting MS. People whose MS-related disability falls within a specific range — roughly meaning they can walk up to 500 metres without an aid at the lower end, or need two walking aids to walk about 20 metres at the upper end (confirm with…

People aged 18 years or older People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), or who have had a first episode of symptoms that doctors believe may be related to damage to the nervous system People who are already scheduled to have an MRI scan of their head as part of their care People who are already on a…

People aged 18 or older who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), or who have brain scan or physical findings linked to MS. Healthy volunteers aged 18 or older with no MS diagnosis. People who are able to understand and sign a consent form agreeing to take part.

You have symptoms that suggest your immune system may be affecting your brain or spinal cord, and/or brain scan results showing signs of inflammation or damage to the protective covering of nerve fibers You are at least 12 years old at the time of joining the study You are willing to share your medical records…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis or clinically isolated syndrome (a first episode of neurological symptoms that may indicate MS) People who are at least 18 years old

People who have a close family member (such as a parent, sibling, or child) who has been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). People who have been treated with a type of medication called anti-TNF alpha therapy for conditions such as Crohn's disease, psoriasis, or rheumatoid arthritis (but not for MS). People who…

You have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) or a related condition, including relapsing remitting MS, secondary progressive MS, primary progressive MS, or an early or possible form of MS that has been seen on scans or suspected by doctors You are between 18 and 100 years old

You have been diagnosed with one of the following conditions: radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS), clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS), secondary-progressive MS (SPMS), primary-progressive MS (PPMS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), or myelin…

People who are 21 years of age or older at the time of signing the consent form, or people under 21 whose parent or guardian gives consent on their behalf (with the young person also agreeing to take part).

People aged 18 to 70 years (or 18 to 85 years for those with Alzheimer's disease or healthy volunteers taking part as controls). People with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) where the disease has been active — meaning at least one relapse in the past 12 months, at least one area of active inflammation…

People who have been diagnosed with MS (multiple sclerosis), or a condition that shares similar features with MS, or people with no known brain or nervous system disease. People who are 18 years of age or older. People who are able to take part in study procedures and provide good quality research data (for example…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) according to the 2017 Revised McDonald Criteria (a standard set of diagnostic rules used by neurologists) People who are 18 years of age or older People who are able to give informed consent to participate People who are able to take part in all study…

People who have a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis People who live in the Lorraine region of France

People aged over 18 and up to 45 years old People who have had a first neurological episode (such as optic neuritis, a spinal cord problem, or a brainstem/cerebellar problem) that is consistent with damage to the protective covering of nerves (demyelination) People whose MRI scan shows lesions (areas of damage) in at…

You have been officially diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) You are 18 years old or older You either live in Switzerland or receive your MS care/treatment in Switzerland

People aged 7 years or older People who are able to give their own consent (if aged 18 or over), or children under 18 who can give their agreement with permission from at least one parent or guardian People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis or a related condition, including those who have had a first…

People who are already enrolled in a related study called protocol 09-I-0032 People who have a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) People who are 18 years of age or older at the time of joining the study People whose MS-related disability falls within a certain measured range on a standard disability scale…

People who consider themselves to be in normal health, OR people who have been diagnosed with one of the following conditions: Alzheimer's Disease, mild cognitive impairment, multiple sclerosis, dry eye, myopia, diabetes, or stroke People who are able to keep their eye open during imaging People who are at least 18…

You have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and your disability level is not severely advanced (below a certain score on a standard MS disability scale) You are between 18 and 70 years old (male or female) You are willing to have PET and MRI brain scans as part of the study You are willing and able to agree…

You are between 18 and 65 years old (male or female) You have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) according to a specific set of medical guidelines called the McDonald 2010 criteria Your level of disability, measured on a standard MS scale (called the EDSS), falls between 0 and 5.5, meaning mild to moderate…

Adults who have been diagnosed with a neurodegenerative condition, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, ALS, multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease, traumatic brain injury, concussion, PTSD, Down Syndrome, or similar conditions Adults who do not have a neurodegenerative…

Men and women who are 18 years of age or older Non-smokers People with generally normal results on a standard medical check-up (any minor issues would be assessed by the doctor) People with normal eye health and no more than moderate prescription glasses or contact lenses (less than 6 Dpt) Men and women who are 18…

You are an adult aged between 18 and 45 years old (male or female) You are covered by health insurance You have read, understood, and freely signed a consent form agreeing to take part (For patients only) You have been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (a form of MS with flare-ups and periods of…

You are older than 21 years of age You have limited ability to use your arms or hands due to a stroke, ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease), multiple sclerosis, a neck/spinal cord injury, muscular dystrophy, muscle disease, or severe nerve damage Your disability is severe enough that you have lost independence and cannot manage…

You are between 18 and 65 years old You are either a healthy volunteer, have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), meet the criteria for fibromyalgia, or meet the criteria for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

People aged 18 to 65 years old at the time of screening. People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). People with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) who are currently on a disease-modifying therapy (DMT — a type of medication used to manage MS). People with progressive MS who are not currently on a…

People who are able to read, understand, and sign a consent form agreeing to the study's requirements People aged between 35 and 65 years old Women who are either unable to become pregnant (for example, due to having had a tubal ligation, hysterectomy, or having gone through menopause with no period for at least 12…

You are male or female, of any race, and are over 18 years old. You have been diagnosed with a condition called RIS (Radiologically Isolated Syndrome — an incidental finding on brain scans that may be related to MS) within the last five years. You are willing and able to sign a consent form agreeing to take part.

You have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), confirmed using recognised medical guidelines (called McDonald criteria) Your MS can be of any type, including a single attack, relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, or primary progressive MS You have a condition called Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS)…

Men aged between 18 and 55 years old People who are enrolled in a social health insurance plan People who are able to understand the goals and risks of the research and can follow the study requirements for its full duration People who have been informed of the results of their pre-study medical check-up People who…

People who have been fully informed about the trial and have signed a consent form agreeing to take part. People who are covered by a health insurance plan. People who are 15 years old or older. People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) according to recognised 2017 diagnostic guidelines. People who…

You have been officially diagnosed with Crohn's disease You have been officially diagnosed with ulcerative colitis You have been officially diagnosed with celiac disease You have been officially diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) You have been officially diagnosed with functional dyspepsia (ongoing stomach…

People aged 18 to 55 years old at the time of the screening visit People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) according to the 2017 McDonald Criteria People whose MS disability level (measured by a standard scale called the EDSS) is 6.0 or below at the time of joining the trial People who have specific…

You are between 16 and 75 years old You have been diagnosed with a condition involving inflammation or damage to the protective coating of nerves in the brain or spinal cord (such as MS or a related condition) Information about your health and symptoms from when your condition first started is available You (and/or…

People who are 50 years of age or older

You have been diagnosed with MS that has affected the visual pathway at the front of the brain, and it has been more than 6 months since you had an episode of optic neuritis (inflammation of the eye nerve) or another MS flare-up You are between 10 years old and 25 years and 11 months old Specific eye tests (VEP and/or…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS)

You are being treated for an immune-mediated inflammatory disease (a condition where the immune system causes inflammation) at one of the participating departments at Lille University Hospital (dermatology, internal medicine, neurology, lung care, or rheumatology) You are covered by social insurance (confirm with…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) by a qualified neurologist who specializes in MS care. Healthy individuals with no known medical conditions are also welcome to participate. You must be able to lie still on a scanning bed for at least 10 minutes and up to 20 minutes during a PET-CT scan (a…

Your neurologist has decided that ocrelizumab is the right treatment for you and you are planning to start it. You are either new to MS treatment, or you have only tried one other MS medication that did not work well enough (and you took it for at least 6 months). You are between 18 and 60 years old. You identify…

People who have been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (a type of MS where symptoms come and go in episodes) People who have not previously taken the medication fingolimod and are about to start it for the first time based on their doctor's decision and in line with the approved prescribing…

You are between 18 and 75 years old (inclusive) You have been diagnosed with one of the following conditions that has not responded well to standard treatments: a specific type of optic neuromyelitis (AQP4-positive NMOSD), myasthenia gravis (MG), chronic inflammatory nerve disorder (CIDP), inflammatory muscle disease…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis People who have a condition called bladder-sphincter dyssynergia, where the bladder and its outlet do not work together properly People who manage their bladder entirely by using a self-catheter inserted by themselves (called clean intermittent…

People who are over 18 years old People who have a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis People who are able to provide written consent to participate

People who have been formally diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (a form of MS where symptoms come and go) based on recognised diagnostic guidelines (the McDonald criteria from 2005) People whose level of physical disability, as measured by a standard MS rating scale called the EDSS, falls between 0…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) — including primary progressive MS (PPMS), relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), or secondary progressive MS (SPMS) — based on the 2017 McDonald diagnostic criteria Healthy volunteers of a similar age and sex to MS participants, as a comparison group People who are…

People who are currently active patients at the Rocky Mountain MS Center (RMMSC) at the time of giving final study consent. People who are between 18 and 55 years old at the time of giving final study consent. People who have been diagnosed with primary progressive or relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS), as defined by a…

You have been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting or progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), based on recognised MS diagnostic guidelines You are between 18 and 65 years old You have noticed memory or thinking difficulties, and at least one test result from an initial cognitive (thinking/memory) assessment came back below…

People who are aged 18 or older but under 65 years old People who are able to understand the study information and agree to take part before any study procedures begin

You are 18 years old or older, have some form of paralysis, and live in the community (not in a hospital or care facility) Your paralysis was caused by an injury or accident, or by a condition such as spinal cord injury, head injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis, transverse myelitis, polio, nerve disease, Parkinson's…

People of any gender aged 18 or older People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) according to a specific set of diagnostic guidelines (the 2010 revised McDonald criteria), or who have had a first episode of symptoms that may suggest MS (sometimes called a clinically isolated syndrome) People who are…

You are between 18 and 65 years old You have been officially diagnosed with MS using standard medical guidelines (2017 McDonald criteria) Your level of physical disability falls within a specific measured range (confirm with trial site for details on the EDSS score 0–6.5) You have either a relapsing or progressive…

You have been told by a doctor — or believe yourself — that you have a condition linked to an infection, such as Long COVID, chronic Lyme disease, ME/CFS, or PANS/PANDAS You have been told by a doctor — or believe yourself — that you have a nerve, immune system, or autonomic nervous system condition, such as…

You have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) based on recognised international medical guidelines You have not taken steroid medications for more than 4 weeks before joining the trial You are already taking part in the Swiss MS Cohort (SMSC) study

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) People who have moderate to severe difficulty walking, but are still able to walk while wearing a robotic exoskeleton device, as determined by trial staff People who show some difficulty with thinking and problem-solving, based on a test taken at the…

You are 18 years of age or older You have been diagnosed with a "clinically isolated syndrome" (CIS) — this means you have had a first episode of neurological symptoms that may or may not suggest the early stages of MS (confirm with trial site) You are covered by a health insurance plan (For the "Aggressive MS" group)…

You are currently pregnant You have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) You took the MS medication siponimod (Mayzent) at any point during your pregnancy or just before conception, at any dose and for any length of time You agree to follow the study requirements, including scheduled interviews, sharing medical…

People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis People who are willing to read, understand, and sign a written consent form before taking part

You must be older than 18 years of age You must be willing to sign a consent form agreeing to take part in the trial You must have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis or a first episode of symptoms that may suggest multiple sclerosis (sometimes called "clinically isolated syndrome")

You live and/or receive medical care in Switzerland You were diagnosed with one of the listed brain or nervous system conditions on or after 2005, and your symptoms first began before you turned 18 You (and/or your legal guardian, if applicable) are willing and able to provide written consent to participate Your…

You have been officially diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) You have been diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), confirmed through a structured interview English is your primary language You are between 18 and 64 years old You have not had an MS relapse or taken steroids in the past 30 days You have…

You are able to give your own consent to participate in the study You are 18 years old or older when you join the study You are able to read in either French or English You have enough vision (at least 20/100) in at least one eye, even with the help of glasses, contact lenses, or after eye surgery (For patients with…

People who are 18 years of age or older at the time of enrolling in the trial People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (a condition affecting the brain and nervous system) based on specific 2017 medical guidelines, or who have been diagnosed with optic neuritis (inflammation of the eye's optic nerve)…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS, any type) for at least six months, confirmed by an MS neurologist using recognised diagnostic guidelines People who have had muscle stiffness or spasms (spasticity) caused by MS for at least one month, which has not been adequately relieved by current…

People aged 16 years or older, of any gender People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) based on a specific set of medical guidelines called the revised McDonald Criteria 2017 People who already have a particular type of brain MRI scan called a susceptibility-weighted MRI on record People who are able…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) People who are 18 years of age or older People who have at least one other health condition alongside MS, as measured by a recognised questionnaire designed for people with MS People who are willing to complete a survey as part of the study People who are…

People of any age and any sex are welcome to apply. You must have been diagnosed with at least one of the following conditions: clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis…

You have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) You are currently pregnant or have recently been pregnant You live in the United States, Canada, or Germany

People diagnosed with active relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), meaning they have had more than one relapse or shown signs of new MS activity on a brain scan in the past year People diagnosed with progressive MS (either primary or secondary progressive) that is not currently active, meaning no relapses or new scan…

You have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), or a radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) You have been diagnosed with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) (confirm with trial site) You have been diagnosed with a condition related to MOG (myelin oligodendrocyte…

People who are older than 18 years of age People who have been diagnosed with Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS) or Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) — these are either a first episode of MS-like symptoms or a form of MS where symptoms come and go People who have had symptoms affecting the brainstem or…

You are between 12 and 18 years old You have been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (a form of MS where symptoms come and go) based on recognised medical guidelines You have not had an MS relapse (a flare-up of symptoms) in the last 4 weeks You have not taken steroid medications (methylprednisolone…

People who have been formally diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), and if taking MS medication, have been on a stable dose for at least 3 months with no signs of liver problems People who have been experiencing moderate to severe ongoing pain (rated at least a moderate level on a 0–10 scale) for at least 3 months…

People who have had at least one clinical episode that meets the 2017 McDonald criteria for early Multiple Sclerosis (MS), confirmed through clinical assessment, MRI, or a specific spinal fluid test (confirm with trial site) People whose MS symptoms first appeared no more than 3 years before joining the trial Women…

People aged 18 or older who have agreed to participate by signing a consent form People diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) according to a specific set of recognised diagnostic guidelines (the 2017 McDonald criteria) People with a relapsing form of MS that is considered "active" based on defined medical standards…

People aged 18 to 99 years old People who are already patients at a study site and use walking aids (such as a cane, walker, or crutches) for more than 75% of the time when they are moving around

You have been officially diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) using recognised diagnostic guidelines Your MS has not severely affected your ability to walk or move around (below a certain level on a standard disability scale — confirm exact level with trial site) You have some memory or concentration difficulties…

You have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) using standard diagnostic guidelines called the McDonald 2017 criteria You are between 18 and 65 years old Your MS has been stable for the past 12 months, meaning no relapses, no new activity on brain/spine scans, and no worsening of disability You have been on the…

People who are able to give written consent before any assessments are done People who have been diagnosed with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis and have had the condition for less than 15 years People aged 18 to 55 years old (inclusive) Women who meet at least one of the following conditions around pregnancy…

You have bladder control problems caused by a neurological condition, and your current treatment is not working well enough (you would rate your satisfaction with your current treatment below 50 out of 100) You have already tried bladder medications (such as antimuscarinics, beta3-agonists, and alpha-blockers) without…

You have certain bright spots on a specific type of brain scan (MRI) that suggest damage to the protective coating around nerve fibres You have no symptoms related to these brain scan findings Your neurological examination (tests of your nervous system, such as reflexes, coordination, and movement) came back normal

A person must be able to understand and sign the consent and privacy forms before any study procedures begin Women who cannot become pregnant must have had a sterilisation procedure (such as removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries) at least 26 weeks before the screening visit, or must have had no menstrual…

People who have given their written consent to take part in the study People aged between 18 and 55 years old People who have been diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or multiple sclerosis (MS) at their first presentation of symptoms People whose MRI brain scan shows two or more areas of damage that…

People who have a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) People between 18 and 75 years of age People whose MS-related walking ability falls within a specific range — this means people who use a cane, crutch, walker, or support to walk some or all of the time, up to and including people whose main way of…

You have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), including relapsing-remitting or progressive types, based on recognised diagnostic guidelines You are over 18 years old You are currently receiving care at Nantes University Hospital or Rennes University Hospital Your most recent disability score (a standard MS…

People aged 18 or older People who have had their condition for 25 years or less People whose level of permanent disability is 7 or below on a standard MS disability scale (meaning they are not permanently confined to a wheelchair)

You have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's Disease, Stroke, or an acquired brain injury You are able to attend at least 10 sessions with the robotic system used in this trial You are able to attend sessions at least twice a week You are 18 years of age or older You are able to walk at least 10…

People between 18 and 65 years old People who are able to read, understand, and speak English well enough to take part safely People who have been clinically diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS People who report having difficulty with walking People who are on stable doses of Ampyra, Provigil, or other medications…

You are willing to sign a consent form agreeing to take part in the study. You are between 20 and 65 years old. You have been diagnosed with either Relapsing-Remitting MS (a form of MS with flare-ups) or Secondary Progressive MS (a form that gradually worsens), with recent confirmed disease activity such as relapses…

You are between 18 and 50 years old You have been recently diagnosed with MS (using 2017 McDonald criteria), a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), or a radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS), and your symptoms first appeared within the past year (confirm with trial site) You have never received any treatment for MS…

You have Multiple Sclerosis and have already been taking part in one of these specific studies for 8 years or more: INFLASEP, FLUMATEP 1-2, or SHADOWTEP You are an adult (18 years old or over) You are covered by French social security or an equivalent scheme (not including "Aide Médicale d'Etat") You have given your…

Women who are currently pregnant Women who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), confirmed by medical records where possible Women who received the MS medication Kesimpta either from about 166 days before their last menstrual period, or at any point during their pregnancy Women who agree to all study…

You regularly and consistently wear a leg brace (on one or both legs) that supports your knee and/or ankle, due to a neurological condition, muscle disease, bone/joint condition, or an injury You are able to understand and follow the study instructions, and are willing to give your consent to participate You are…

People who have been diagnosed with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) or progressive MS, confirmed using internationally recognised diagnostic guidelines (McDonald 2017 criteria) People whose MS-related physical disability falls within a certain range, measured by a standard disability scale called the EDSS, with a…

Be between 18 and 65 years old Have a confirmed diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) based on recognised medical guidelines (2017 McDonald criteria) Be able to understand what the study involves and its risks, and be willing to sign a consent form Be able to use a Virtual Reality (VR) system remotely from home Have…

You have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) based on recognised medical guidelines, with a disability score between 2.0 and 6.5, and your condition has been stable (not significantly worsening) over the last 3 months with no MS flare-up in the past 4 weeks. Your MS medications have not changed for at least 1…

You have been diagnosed with progressive multiple sclerosis — either secondary progressive MS (SPMS) or primary progressive MS (PPMS) — based on recognised medical criteria. You are between 18 and 65 years old. Your level of disability falls within a specific range on a standard MS disability scale called the EDSS…

You have been diagnosed with either relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (a form of MS where symptoms come and go) or primary progressive multiple sclerosis (a form of MS where symptoms gradually worsen from the start).

Women of childbearing age between 25 and 35 years old Have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) according to a specific set of medical guidelines called the McDonald Criteria 2017 Speak French and have no difficulties understanding information Are covered by health insurance Are willing to take part and sign a…

You have been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (a form of MS with flare-ups and periods of recovery) based on recognised 2017 diagnostic standards, and you have had at least one relapse OR at least one new area of disease activity on a brain scan in the past 12 months You are between 18 and 55…

You have been referred to this specialist center to investigate bright spots (called white matter hypersignals) found on a brain scan You do not have any known eye movement problems detected during a standard eye examination You are over 18 years old You are a companion of a patient in the study, a staff member at the…

People aged 18 or older People who have one or more known risk factors for multiple sclerosis, which may include having a brain or spine scan result that showed unusual findings without any MS symptoms (called radiologically isolated syndrome), having a close blood relative (parent, sibling, or child) with multiple…

People aged 18 years or older. People who are willing and able to give written consent before the study begins. People who are willing and able to complete study assessments, including patient questionnaires, throughout the study. People who had a diagnosis of relapsing multiple sclerosis (a type of MS that involves…

People who are able to give written consent to take part in the study People aged between 18 and 65 years People who have been diagnosed with primary or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) according to recognised diagnostic guidelines, and who have symptoms related to the nerve pathways that control movement…

Adults between 18 and 65 years of age People with multiple sclerosis (MS) who score between 1.0 and 6.5 on a standard MS disability scale called the EDSS People who have had an autoimmune disease formally diagnosed and confirmed during previous treatment People whose disease has been getting worse over the last 6…

Adults aged 18 or older, of any gender People who have been diagnosed with relapsing multiple sclerosis (a form of MS where symptoms come and go or worsen in episodes), based on 2017 diagnostic guidelines People whose treating neurologist has determined that a type of medication called anti-CD20 therapy is the…

People diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (a form of MS with flare-ups followed by recovery periods), based on the 2017 McDonald diagnostic criteria, who are more than 6 months past their last relapse or progressive period People whose level of disability falls within a specific range on the…

You are already enrolled in a specific NINDS research study for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) OR a specific NINDS research study for PML (a rare brain infection), OR you have been evaluated and show signs of another brain or spinal cord inflammatory condition. You have been diagnosed with MS based on recognized medical…

You have been diagnosed with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS), based on specific diagnostic guidelines from 2017. You have either never been treated for MS before, or you have previously taken an MS medication but stopped it before joining and have waited long enough since stopping. Your level of physical disability…

People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) based on a specific set of recognised diagnostic standards called the revised McDonald criteria. People who have shown signs of recent MS activity, as defined by the trial's guidelines. People whose neurological condition has been stable for at least 30 days…

You are between 20–50 or 60–90 years old Your memory and thinking are considered healthy, based on a standard cognitive test score of 26 or above You do not have any significant brain or nerve conditions You have noticed memory or thinking concerns yourself, and someone who knows you well agrees Testing has shown a…

People who have been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), a type of MS where symptoms come and go in episodes People who have shown a specific type of memory difficulty (trouble retrieving memories) based on neuropsychological testing done at the research lab People who can speak and read…

People who have given written consent to take part in the trial People who have been diagnosed with relapse-onset secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (a form of MS that began with relapses and has since entered a progressive stage), based on specific diagnostic guidelines from 2017 People whose disability has…

People who are older than 18 and younger than 60 years of age People diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS (a form of MS where symptoms come and go) who have not had a relapse for at least 6 months People whose MS-related disability score (called EDSS) is below 6 at the time of joining, meaning they have a moderate or…

People with relapsing-remitting or progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) who are between 22 and 75 years old People who are able to walk for at least 15 minutes throughout the day, five days a week, with or without a walking aid People who have adequate thinking and communication abilities, as assessed by a…

You are 18 years old or older You are able to give your consent to participate in English You are able to have an MRI scan

You have been officially diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) using standard diagnostic guidelines You are between 18 and 65 years old You have some physical symptoms affecting your movement or coordination, measured at a specific level on a disability scale (confirm with trial site) Your overall MS disability score…

You are 18 years old or older You are about to receive at least your 4th dose of ocrelizumab (given every 6 months) You need to have MRI scans as part of your ongoing treatment You were originally prescribed ocrelizumab for active, relapsing-remitting, or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis You have had no…

You have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), of any type You are between 18 and 70 years old You have a good enough understanding of the Dutch language to participate

People who have been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (based on specific established medical criteria) People who have been diagnosed with a form of multiple sclerosis (MS), including relapsing-remitting, secondary-progressive, or primary-progressive MS (based on specific established medical criteria) People who…

People who have been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) according to a specific set of recognised diagnostic guidelines called the McDonald 2017 criteria People aged between 18 and 67 years old People who have not changed their MS medication in the 3 months before joining the trial (note: medication changes during…

You are a woman aged 18 or older You have Multiple Sclerosis (MS) that has been stable, meaning your condition has not gotten significantly worse in the last 6 months, and your disability level is within a certain range (confirm with trial site) You have been experiencing bladder control problems related to your…

You have been officially diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis You are able to stand on your own without help for at least 1 minute You are able to read and understand a consent form before joining the study You are between 18 and 75 years old

People aged between 18 and 85 years old People who have completed at least 5 years of education People who are willing to participate and sign a consent form People who have a confirmed diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) meeting specific disease criteria — including a disability score of 4.5 or below on a standard…

People who have a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) People whose level of physical disability is rated at 6.5 or below on a standard MS disability scale (called the EDSS) People who can walk 25 feet in between 6 and 45 seconds (based on an average of two attempts) People who can stand without support for…

People who are between 18 and 65 years old at the time of their screening visit. People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) according to a specific set of medical guidelines called the 2017 McDonald Criteria. People whose MS has been identified as the progressive type, based on a specific…

You have already independently decided to be treated with BRIUMVI™ before agreeing to take part in this study You have been diagnosed with a relapsing form of multiple sclerosis, which includes clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), or active secondary progressive MS (SPMS) You are willing…

You had a pregnancy with a recorded outcome (such as a live birth, miscarriage, termination, stillbirth, or ectopic pregnancy) during the study period You were between 18 and 49 years old at the start of the pregnancy being studied You had a diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) before the pregnancy being studied There…

People who live in France and are enrolled in the French social security system People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (based on a standard set of medical guidelines called the McDonald 2017 criteria), whether or not they are currently on treatment for it People who are already scheduled to have a…

People who are older than 18 and younger than 50 years of age People with no history of hearing loss People with no history of psychiatric conditions People with no family history of otosclerosis, deafness, or genetic hearing loss People who have been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and/or Multiple Sclerosis

People aged 18 to 60 years old (male or female) People who are generally in stable health, based on a physical check-up, medical history, and vital signs People who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) according to the McDonald 2024 diagnostic criteria, as confirmed by the trial doctor reviewing medical…

People between 18 and 70 years of age People whose primary language is English People who have been formally diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) by a neurologist People who have not had a relapse or taken steroids for at least 30 days People with mild-to-moderate self-reported difficulty with movement or mobility…

You must be at least 30 days old. You have been diagnosed with a specific condition, disease, or genetic trait of interest — or you are a healthy person serving as a comparison (control). If you are an adult who can make your own decisions, you must be able to give written consent (unless a physical limitation…